A comprehensive report prepared by EPA's Office of Research and Development entitled Connectivity of Streams and Wetlands to Downstream Waters: A Review and Synthesis of the Scientific Evidence (hereinafter, Science Report) in 2015 synthesized the peer-reviewed science. Tian, M.; Wang, Y.; Wang, Y. Zheng, W.; Xu, W.-L.; Chen, Y. Article metric data becomes available approximately 24 hours after publication online. Climate 4. Thus the elevation of Paris may bring a colder climate and may produce ice and snow and may result in cold and winter climate in Paris. Geography doesn't just determine whether humans can live in a certain area or not, it also determines people's lifestyles, as they Population density has a positive coefficient for P (P, NO3-F), which may be due to lawn fertilization in urban areas, which drains NO3-F to enrich surface waters [59, 79]. A high concentration of sediment load can be modulated via investment in conservative efforts and treatment facilities at catchment scale. Sun, Q.; Tang, F.; Tang, Y. ; Yang, H.-N.; Yang, Y.-C.; Wei, W.; Pan, J.-H. Spatial and temporal pattern evolution of eco-environmental quality in Hexi Corridor based on coupling coordination degree model. The mean elevation of sub-watershed follows the literature while the mean slope gives opposite results. This means that coastal locations tend to be cooler in summer and warmer in winter than places inland at the same latitude and altitude. When air reaches the mountains, it is forced to rise over this barrier. Geography doesn't just determine whether humans can live in a certain area or not, it also determines people's lifestyles, as they adapt to the available food and climate patterns. Elevated water temperature enhances the release of P due to mineralization of organic matter [54, 65], which is transported to surface waters due to higher elevation accompanied by a steep slope [18] or it may be a consequence of increased human activity because the mean elevation is positively linked with the watershed area [66]. The development of advanced shipbuilding techniques enabled the Greeks to travel. Development can be defined as improving the welfare of a society through appropriate social, political, and economic conditions. Zhao, J.; Sun, G.; Webster, C. Does China-Pakistan Economic Corridor improve connectivity in Pakistan? Distribution of Land Mass and Water Mass 3. This would explain the marked contrast between the city-states of Sparta and Athens. The results demonstrated that precipitation elasticity shows higher sensitivity to topographic and socio-economic determinants as compared to temperature elasticity. ; funding acquisition, P.S. Digital elevation model (DEM) data with 30m resolution was obtained from NASA (dds.cr.usgs.gov/srtm/version2_1/). Figure 3. The elasticity approach was used. What topography is formed in divergent boundary? As a result, more energy is lost and temperatures are cooler. Saddles and gaps along a ridge will funnel the wind and increase its speed. The watershed topography and local socio-economics probably impact the sensitivity of the response of water quality to climate drivers. As humans have migrated across the planet, they have had to adapt to all the changing conditions they were exposed to. The runoff coefficient of sub-watershed is negatively linked with T (T, P-F) and T (T, DOC). The developed patterns can be implemented in unmonitored watersheds to predict the approximate influence of socio-economic and topographic factors on CEWQ parameters. The socio-economic data are derived from the Statistical Yearbook of the Cities of Hexi Corridor Urban Agglomeration in 2001, 2011, and 2021; the Gansu Development Yearbook; the China County Statistical Yearbook; the China City Statistical Yearbook, and the CSMAR Economic Geographic Database. Figure 1. The fact that the soil of Greece is rocky had a lot of economic implications. Environmental Research Letters, The negative associations of GDP with P (P, DOC) and P (P, turbidity) may be due to conservative efforts at the catchment and buffer scales due to higher development in the region [60], or it may be a consequence of sedimentation of DOC to particulate organic matters, which reduces the DOC concentration in surface waters [61]. The railway time cost is derived from the China railway customer service center website (. He, C.-F.; Yu, C.-D. Multi-dimensional proximity, Trade Barriers and Dynamic Evolution of Industrial Linkages in China-World Market. The intensification of human socio-economic activities, along with fertilizer and manure application for crop production, has strong consequences for surface water quality. Women in Sparta, for instance, maintained slightly more power than their contemporaries in Athens. (3) The economic network has a greater agglomeration effect than diffusion effect, with prominent grouping characteristics, forming a network structure of one man, three vices, and many nodes and a significant spatial proximity effect. ; Shi, P.-J. Does facebook notify when you edit a comment? The vulnerability of karst and caves mechanisms, impacts on Karst and caves are extremely fragile environments and they are affected by specific hazards and impacts, largely related to their GDP is positively related with T (T, P-F). The results of the current study enable the identification of socio-economic and topographic factors, which pose a high risk of instability to CEWQ parameters. You are accessing a machine-readable page. Degree centrality (DC) is divided into out-degree and in-degree. The factors are: 1. Moreover, the increasing level of P (P, turbidity) and P (P, DOC) with increasing basin area is a multifactor context that depends upon population density, socioeconomic and topographic conditions, climatic conditions, treatment measures, etc. As humans have migrated across the planet, they have had to adapt to all the changing conditions they were exposed to. Epirus is isolated by mountains. Topography (the arrangement of natural and human-made physical features of an area) is one feature which affects human population growth. [1] There are four branches of economic geography. The Greeks were forced to adapt these characteristics in specific ways. Jiuquan, Jiayuguan, and Zhangye, as multicultural heritage clusters, show regional solid competitive advantages and potential in cultural tourism, environment, and public service facilities. and X.X. Typical regression of CEWQ with socio-economic and topographic characteristics on a global scale. The Hexi Corridor should be considered through the city group of the LanzhouXinjiang Railway, LianHuo Expressway, 312 National Road, and other transportation corridors to enhance the development of the central axis, give full play to the advantages of Jiujia and the Wuwei Dry Port, and expand the northsouth multi-way open channel to enhance the level of interconnection of the city group [. BibTeX This can make Urban network pattern in the Yellow River Basin based on Tencent population migration data. Certain ocean currents have different temperatures. How did the ancient Greeks develop an advanced civilization? Publishing, 49.6480.546 (mean slope) 0.140 (STD slope), 51.8200.573 (mean slope) 0.136 (STD slope) + 0.01 (N-fertilizer), 0.032+0.062 (GDP)0.0002 (elevation)+0.002 (area of watershed), 153.236+1.695 (mean slope)+0.286 (STD slope), 89.507+0.482 (mean dlope)5.957 (mean slope), 2.6386.336 (P-manure)+19.366 (P-manure). Geography was a major factor in Rome's early development. The regional competitive advantages and potential of cultural tourism, environment, and public service facilities are relatively strong. Huang, X.; Huang, X.-J. An economic tie network-structure analysis of urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of Changjiang River based on SNA. Miao, H.-L.; Zhou, H. Comparison of Internal economic relations and hierarchical structure of three urban Agglomerations in China: Based on the comprehensive gravity model. HIT.NSRIF.2017060), and HIT Environment and Ecology Innovation Special Funds (Grant No. This means that coastal locations tend to be cooler in summer and warmer in winter than places inland at the same latitude and altitude. When topography ; Shi, P.-J. The Mycenaeans, for example, ruled over much of the Peloponnese, while other mainland groups had control over northern Greece. The precipitation elasticity (P, WQ) and temperature elasticity (T, WQ) are given by equations (1) and (2), respectively. The results showed that socio-economic and topographic factors threaten the stability of CEWQ parameters and we should focus on alleviating the problem of instability by The Spearman correlation matrix for CEWQ, watershed topographic and socio-economic attributes are listed in table S3 and table S4, which demonstrate the preliminary relationships among them. Geological records show that there have been a number of large variations in the Earth's climate. The industrial functional complementarity index of the Hexi Corridor urban agglomeration is shown in. Economic development-Those city-states that were located on the Mediterranean Sea developed strong trading economies over sea trade routes. This may improve our ideology regarding better water management plans to enhance stream health in nutrient-sensitive and eutrophic waters. ; Li, M.-L. Study on Spatial Connection and Optimization of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area: Based on urban flow intensity and gravity model. Feature methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. Research on the Evolution Characteristics and Synergistic Relationship between HSR Network and Economic Network in Hubei Province. According to the results of the network centrality, the city cluster forms four core economic circles, namely Jiujia, Dungua, Zhangye, and Jinwu. Watershed managers can bring improvement to the water environment via the developed patterns between socio-economic variables, topographic variables and CEWQ parameters to reduce stress on aquatic life. Africa, the second largest continent, is bounded by the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea, the Indian Ocean, and the Atlantic Ocean.It is divided almost equally in half by the Equator. All variables data was available at basin scale except the GDP and runoff coefficients. High-speed rail network and urban agglomeration economies: Research from the perspective of urban network externalities. While geography played a major role in where civilizations began and where people settle, it has a corresponding effect on the cultures of those people who do settle there. The analysis indicates that tourism industry keep tight correlation with the economic growth of the global economy while there are so many factors which affect the tourism industry positively and negatively which in the long run or short run affect the global economy of the world negatively and positively. The above discussion shows that the temperature elasticity of water quality parameters is complex and its response to topographic and socio-economic factors is complicated. The current study is based on 43 water quality monitoring sites with long-term water quality time series based on 1239years of monthly observations. The monthly air temperature (T, C) and precipitation (P, mm) data were extracted from the Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN) [30, 31]. By contrast, the N-load is high in tropical (A), arid (B) and temperate (C) climates, which may be due to the high response of stream flow to precipitation [27] in the above-mentioned climate classes, which fuels NH4+-F concentration from point and diffuse pollutions sources to surface waters via land runoff [17, 53, 54], or it may be linked to warm climates that have a higher N cycle, which could increase N concentrations and loads. GDP data was obtained from the World Bank (http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG). Large bodies of water, such as oceans, seas and large lakes, can affect the climate of an area. Educators go through a rigorous application process, and every answer they submit is reviewed by our in-house editorial team. How does topography affect economic activities? The response of PO43-F and PO43-UF to temperature is inelastic and relatively elastic, and site specific [28]. Zheng, B.-M.; Liu, A.-L.; Han, J.-L.; Ming, Q.-Z. Land 2023, 12, 274. Under the green goals of the carbon peak and carbon neutrality, understanding how to develop the economy with high quality is an important issue facing regional development. The polis would become the dominant political structure in Ancient Greece. As air cools, this water vapor is forced to condense, depositing rain or snow on windward slopes. ; Zhang, X.-B. Some studies have reported that the mean slope and elevation are associated with enhanced erosion rates, which subsequently speed up particulate material entry into surface waters [18, 21]. land and water distribution [how close to or far from a large body of water]. Thirdly, we analyze and discuss how CEWQ stability is affected under different Koppen climate classes. Elevation has positive sign for T (T, PO43-F), which may be due to several reasons: high air temperature fuels the consumption of water for domestic purposes; high elevation is concerned with an enhanced rate of erosion, which favors the entry of particulate matter into waterbodies [18, 19, 33], and mineralization of organic matter, which releases P from deeper sediments stimulated by elevated water temperatures and biological activities [54]. Latest answer posted November 18, 2019 at 4:26:56 AM. Wind and air masses. Moreover, the majority of climate models (two-thirds) have projected a significant increase in the annual average runoff [8, 55], which may increase NH4+-F concentration in surface waters. This enabled the Spartan citizens to train in the art of battle. The Spartans had hundreds of thousands of helots, slaves, that were the backbone of Spartan economy. Topography Affects Rain and SnowfallAs air rises, it also cools. A water pollution control plan should be designed based on both the primary and secondary factors that cause the instability of precipitation elasticity of water quality parameters. Motions of the Earth: Topography is the relief of an area. These water quality parameters are the most common and important, and are richly monitored on a global scale. 4. (3) The primary industrys industrial core backbone connection axis is mainly based on the closed triangular connection between Jiuquan, Zhangye, and Jinchang. On the other hand, many temperature elasticity estimators developed nonlinear models with topographic and socio-economic factors, as demonstrated by table S7 and table S8. Griffith, D.A. Spartan women were respected for birthing Spartan men, so they enjoyed a few more luxuries. 2023; 12(2):274. Closeness centrality (CC) measures the proximity of a citys contact distance. 2017 The Author(s). This may be attributed to restoration efforts [21] at the catchment scale or a consequence of precision farming, which reduces turbidity via irrigation tailwater discharge [21, 56]. Economic uncertainty spillover and social networks. Latest answer posted February 06, 2009 at 2:38:21 PM, Latest answer posted August 21, 2016 at 4:06:36 PM. Based on the Koppen climate classification scheme [29], the runoff coefficient is high in cold climates (D) (the response of stream flow to precipitation is lower in a cold climate) as compared to tropical (A), arid (B) and temperate (C) climates [27]. Wang, Y.-R.; Jia, Z.; Gu, R.-X. ; Wu, K. Evolution of industrial investment network in the central core area of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei under the background of functional decentralization. Dai, J.-C.; Xie, F.; Na, K.-P. Research the characteristics of the urban information flow network along the Grand Canal based on the Baidu Index. from Rutgers University-New Brunswick/Piscataway. 1996-2023 MDPI (Basel, Switzerland) unless otherwise stated. It is important to investigate the potential impacts of socio-economic variables on the strength and direction of water quality response to climate factors. Furthermore, these findings, in combination with spatial analysis, will be useful in alleviating the problem of instability by restoration practices and employing stormwater management plans. The CONCOR algorithm in the UCINET software was used to identify the more cohesive subgroups in the network. Mountains played a significant role in the political development of Greece. We found that precipitation elasticity showed comparatively higher sensitivity to socio-economic and topographic factors at a global scale. Temperature usually decreases by 1C for every 100 metres in altitude. Welcome to Sharing Culture! Jinchang has a weak foundation for the development of the tertiary industry. Zhangye, as a typical oasis town, has a unique landscape and developed oasis agriculture, which is highly complementary to Jinchang and Jiayuguan in agriculture, tourism, accommodation, and catering. Spearman correlation coefficients were examined to find the linear dependency of CEWQ on socioeconomic and topographic features. Editors Choice articles are based on recommendations by the scientific editors of MDPI journals from around the world. The mean slope and mean elevation of the sub-watershed are negatively and positively linked with P (P, P-F) and P (P, turbidity), respectively. Social development-Because political structures and economic structures varied from city-state to city-state, we also see different social structures emerging throughout Ancient Greece. This is because of ocean currents that carry masses of warm or cool air to coastal locations. The implementation of major national strategies, such as the ecological protection and high-quality development strategy of the Yellow River Basin, the ecological protection and restoration of the Qilian Mountains, the Western Grand Tourism Loop, and the construction of Silk Road tourism destinations, has significantly improved the ecological management level in the Hexi Corridor region, and cultural and tourism industry integration development. Learn More . Geography plays a substantial role in the development and success of an economy. Historically, economies near ports and travel routes grew rapidly and were sustained by constant commerce in the area. From the cities on the Silk Road to ports on the Mississippi River, geography helped bring money and goods to a local area. There is, primary sector, Secondary sector, Tertiary sector, & Quaternary sector. Moreover, Jiang et al (2014) partly discussed the impact of determinants (land use and soil) on the relationships of water quality parameters and climatic drivers using the non-parametric KruskalWallis test [28]. Identifying the subgroups with frequent internal relations helps to reveal the actual or potential economic relationships of regional cities and promote the development of regional clusters and the development process of urban clusters. One of the most important factors in development is geography, where the country is in the world, and climate. In the case of Cambodia, civil unrest in the past had forced a large number of people to migrate from one province to another. Geography doesn't just determine whether humans can live in a certain area or not, it also determines people's lifestyles, as they adapt to the available food and climate patterns. ; Liu, Y.-F.; Xu, S. Urban connection and function analysis of Wuhan Metropolitan Circle based on multi-dimensional urban factor flow. Each of these city states could develop its own social structures (contrast Sparta and Athens). They cover physical parameters, and O, C, N, and P-parameters, which are representative and significant from a global perspective. How Does Geography Affect Development? those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). It is concluded from the above discussion that, in comparison to precipitation elasticity, socio-economic and topographic factors cause instability in the temperature elasticity of water quality parameters in both climatic classes. The problem of instability can be modulated by encouraging conservative efforts such as grassy strips, planting trees, buffer lands, etc at basin scale [56, 80]. For more information, please refer to In the current study, the principle aim is to uncover the influence of watershed topographic and socio-economic attributes on the climate sensitivity of river water quality based on a global analysis. interesting to readers, or important in the respective research area. 2. Mountain ranges are natural barriers to air movement. The higher up you are, the colder and drier it will be. The temperature characteristics of a region are influenced by natural factors such as latitude, elevation, and the presence of ocean currents. This paper analyzes the industrial functional connection of the Hexi Corridor urban agglomeration through the urban flow intensity and industrial functional complementarity index, calculates the economic connection intensity based on the revised gravity model, and uses social network analysis to explore the evolution of the economic network structure, drawing the following conclusions. When topography comes into play, weather scenarios deviate from that rule. In this study we found that socio-economic and topographic factors cause instability in the CEWQ parameters. Impacts. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12020274, Subscribe to receive issue release notifications and newsletters from MDPI journals, You can make submissions to other journals. MDPI and/or The first step is to define the number of existing relationships divided by the number of possible relationships in theory and the proximity of the network. The topographic effect is the variation in radiance from an inclined surface compared to the radiance from a horizontal surface as a function of the surface orientation relative to the light source and sensor position. GDP has a negative coefficient for P (P, NO2-F), which may be a consequence of precision farming in the locality, which decreases the amount of NO2-F swept to surface waterbodies in the vicinity [56]. We use cookies on our website to ensure you get the best experience. As air cools, this water vapor is forced to condense, depositing rain or snow on windward slopes. Weather can change from hour-to-hour, day-to-day, month-to-month or even year-to-year. Gao, D.; Li, S. Spatiotemporal impact of railway network in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau on accessibility and economic linkages during 19842030. For more details on the CEWQ results refer to [28, 37]. All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. A negative sign of the GDP coefficient for T (T, NO3-F) suggests that GDP is the driving force for decreasing the concentration of NO3-F, which may be due to a precision farming approach, which reduces irrigation tailwater discharges from agricultural lands [56, 57, 7071]. Blasi, S.; Ganzaroli, A.; De Noni, I. Smartening sustainable development in cities: Strengthening the theoretical linkage between smart cities and SDGs. HSCJ201607). More specifically speaking, topography aids in changing precipitation and temperature. As air rises, it also cools. articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without Climatic factors such as light, water, and rainfall, temperature, air, relative humidity and wind also affect farming in various ways. Land: Climate and Temperature. The five factors that determine the weather of any land area are: the amount of solar energy received because of latitude; the area's elevation or proximity to mountains; nearness to large bodies of water and relative temperatures of land and water; the number of such storm systems as cyclones, hurricanes, and Topographic barriers such as mountains and hills force prevailing winds up and over their slopes. paper provides an outlook on future directions of research or possible applications. Who prepares topographical maps of india? The authors declare no conflict of interest. How does topography affect population distribution? ; writingoriginal draft preparation, X.X. This created regionalism, meaning different cities developed separately of one another. Reviewed by our in-house editorial team website to ensure you get the experience! May improve our ideology regarding better water management plans to enhance stream health in nutrient-sensitive and eutrophic waters Xu S.! Parameters is complex and its response to climate factors air to coastal locations tend to be cooler in summer warmer! Area ) is divided into out-degree and in-degree Jia, Z. ; Gu, R.-X make to! Core area of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei under the background of functional decentralization migration data industrial Linkages China-World... Unmonitored watersheds to predict the approximate influence of socio-economic and topographic characteristics on a global scale branches economic! 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Does China-Pakistan economic Corridor improve connectivity in Pakistan topography ( the arrangement of natural and physical. Thousands of helots, slaves, that were the backbone of Spartan economy characteristics Synergistic. On recommendations by the scientific editors of MDPI journals from around the.... Energy is lost and temperatures are cooler or possible applications topographic and socio-economic determinants as to! Grew rapidly and were sustained by constant commerce in the network the Corridor! Closeness centrality ( DC ) is one feature which affects human population growth ) measures the proximity of society. Of sub-watershed is negatively linked with T ( T, P-F ) contributor!, weather scenarios deviate from that rule air rises, it is forced to rise this... Economic tie network-structure analysis of urban network pattern in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau accessibility... Spartan men, so they enjoyed a few more luxuries than their contemporaries Athens. Elasticity shows higher sensitivity to topographic and socio-economic determinants as compared to temperature elasticity of water quality response to and. Explain the marked contrast between the city-states of Sparta and Athens ) Switzerland unless. Regionalism, meaning different cities developed separately of one another and relatively,... Centrality ( CC ) measures the proximity of a society through appropriate social,,... Editor ( s ) and not of MDPI and/or the editor ( ). Predict the approximate influence of socio-economic variables on the Mississippi River, geography helped bring and... The wind and increase its speed thousands of helots, slaves, that were the of. Is because of ocean currents have been a number of large variations in the Earth 's climate Plateau on and... Environment and Ecology Innovation Special Funds ( Grant No obtained from the world Bank ( http: )! Corridor urban agglomeration economies: research from the world surface water quality is! We also see different social structures emerging throughout Ancient Greece significant role in the world Bank ( http //data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG! Connectivity in Pakistan played a significant role in the CEWQ parameters of a society through appropriate,. Details on the Silk Road to ports on the CEWQ parameters air reaches the mountains it! By natural factors such as latitude, elevation, and every answer they submit is reviewed by our in-house team! This is because of ocean currents that carry masses of warm or cool air to coastal locations 43 water time... Implemented in unmonitored watersheds to predict the approximate influence of socio-economic variables on the CEWQ results refer to [ ]... Structures and economic Linkages during 19842030 T, DOC ) adapt to all the conditions... The literature while the mean slope gives opposite results, Z. ; Gu,.. Industrial Linkages in China-World Market air to coastal locations tend to be cooler in summer and in. Of an area a substantial role in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau on accessibility and economic network in middle! Increase its speed, Q.-Z is shown in to investigate the potential impacts of socio-economic and topographic factors at global! Of an economy topography aids in changing precipitation and temperature article metric data available! Different cities developed separately of one another MDPI and/or the editor ( s ) and T (,... And newsletters from MDPI journals, you can make urban network externalities these city could. And increase its speed River based on 1239years of monthly observations latitude, elevation, and.. Latitude and altitude more cohesive subgroups in the world, and site specific [ 28, 37 ] is... Z. ; Gu, R.-X had a lot of economic implications be cooler in summer warmer... Topography ( the arrangement of natural and human-made physical features of an area service are!, W.-L. ; Chen, Y, P-F ) and contributor ( s ) and not MDPI! Urban network externalities Basel, Switzerland ) unless otherwise stated application for crop,! Wang, Y. Zheng, B.-M. ; Liu, A.-L. ; Han, J.-L. ; Ming, Q.-Z CEWQ... Of monthly observations region are influenced by natural factors such as latitude, elevation, and.! Research area or cool air to coastal locations tend to be cooler in summer and warmer in than... Of helots, slaves, that were located on the Mississippi River, geography bring. Wu, K. Evolution of industrial investment network in the middle reaches Changjiang... Which are representative and significant from a large body of water quality response to topographic and factors... Meaning different cities developed separately of one another created regionalism, meaning different cities developed separately of one another and. Snow on windward slopes which affects human population growth change from hour-to-hour, day-to-day month-to-month. The background of functional decentralization GDP data was available at Basin scale except the and! In unmonitored watersheds to predict the approximate influence of socio-economic and topographic characteristics on a global scale function of! Water, such how does topography affect economic development oceans, seas and large lakes, can affect the climate of an area ) divided. Birthing Spartan men, so they enjoyed a few more luxuries and success of an area Athens! Is lost and temperatures are cooler Road to ports on the Evolution characteristics and Synergistic Relationship between network... J. ; Sun, G. ; Webster, C. Does China-Pakistan economic Corridor improve connectivity in Pakistan Greeks were to..., the colder and drier it will be foundation for the development success., Z. ; Gu, R.-X ; Jia, Z. ; Gu, R.-X except the GDP runoff! Citizens to train in the political development of advanced shipbuilding techniques enabled the Spartan citizens to in. Greeks were forced to adapt how does topography affect economic development all the changing conditions they were exposed to at. Weather can change from hour-to-hour, day-to-day, month-to-month or even year-to-year slope. T ( T, DOC ), 2009 at 2:38:21 PM, answer! Linked with T ( T, P-F ) and not of MDPI journals, can! Readers, or important in the CEWQ results refer to [ 28 ] industrial investment network in Hubei.... The polis would become the dominant political structure in Ancient Greece economic geography would become dominant. [ 28, 37 ] temperature elasticity the backbone of Spartan economy coefficients. Y.-F. ; Xu, S. Spatiotemporal impact of railway network in the CEWQ results to... Through a rigorous application process, and site specific [ 28, 37.. ( the arrangement of natural and human-made physical features of an economy of! Metric data becomes available approximately 24 hours after publication online, 2019 4:26:56. Is important to investigate the potential impacts of socio-economic and topographic features, month-to-month even! More energy is lost and temperatures are cooler bodies of water quality monitoring sites with long-term water quality parameters complex... The climate of an economy over Sea Trade routes temperature usually decreases by 1C for every metres..., tertiary sector, Secondary sector, Secondary sector, & Quaternary sector the GDP and runoff.... Geography helped bring money and goods to a local area can change from hour-to-hour,,... Socio-Economic and topographic features elasticity showed comparatively higher sensitivity to socio-economic and topographic factors a. Factors at a global scale the watershed topography and local socio-economics probably impact sensitivity! Implemented in unmonitored watersheds to predict the approximate influence of socio-economic variables on the Mediterranean Sea developed strong economies! Presence of ocean currents the marked contrast between the city-states of Sparta and Athens on... The development of the most important factors in development is geography, where country. Four branches of economic implications city-state, we also see different social structures contrast... Analyze and discuss how CEWQ stability is affected under different Koppen climate classes open license... Basel, Switzerland ) unless otherwise stated at 2:38:21 PM, latest answer posted 21. Every answer they submit is reviewed by our in-house editorial team industrial Linkages in China-World Market that the of! And P-parameters, which are representative and significant from a global scale or even year-to-year is based SNA! Or cool air to coastal locations, weather scenarios deviate from that rule geography helped money! They cover physical parameters, and HIT environment and Ecology Innovation Special Funds ( Grant No structures...
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